Before addressing the theme human species, we must draw a line between what is religious and what version instead could be the scientific version. Setting aside the religious theory at first, we want to theorize that the human species manifested itself in patches on the entire planet at different times and in different ways, where different ways you want to rule out the evolutionary theory of Darwin because it is considered unlikely.

A team of researchers from the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, led by dr. Martin Taylor, found in human DNA a very important gene that could eventually decipher the mystery of human evolution, this gene seems to have emerged, suddenly more than a million years ago, in an incredibly short time, a descendant of noncoding dNA.

According to the Scots scholars miR-941 gene from absolutely unknown origins, it would in practice give great acceleration to the cognitive process of our brain allowing him to blatantly improve his language skills and their decision-making processes.

The last recent research would seem then that the same Homo Sapiens has definitely evolved in practice has made the final leap that would bring him to civilization, only 50,000 years ago, in the period that roughly corresponds to the Upper Paleolithic, just after the same Neanderthal man had suddenly disappeared from the face of the earth.

"Once all of our attempts to obtain living matter from inanimate matter will be in vain, it seems to me to lie within a fully proper scientific procedure, the question whether life has actually never had an origin, whether it is as old as the very matter , and if the spores can not have been transported from one planet and have taken root where they have found fertile ground. "This is a sentence of Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, doctor, physiologist and German physicist. One of the most versatile scientists of his time who was nicknamed Chancellor of physics.

Now if the teacher in question was right, it could speculate and support then, evolutionary theory called Panspermia, the panspermia (Greek: πανσπερμία from πᾶς / πᾶν (pas / pan) "all" and σπέρμα (sperm) "seed") is a theory that suggests that the seeds of life are scattered throughout the universe, and that life on Earth began with the arrival of such seeds and their development.

It is therefore implied that this can also happen on many other planets. By extension, seeds could be considered even simple organic molecules which have characteristic such as a gene, a cellular system, or they can be transported by containers (rocks, meteorites, gas) impacted on the earth's crust millions of years ago.

One consequence of panspermia is that life, in all the Universe, should have a strikingly similar biochemistry, because it derives from the same ancestral organisms. This result, however, can not be verified until it is not found life on another planet.

So what are the evidence against this theory? For example the first would undoubtedly be that the very rapid appearance of life on Earth is shown by fossils of bacteria aggregates, dated at 3.8 billion years. Only 500 million years after the formation of the oldest rocks known. According to some models of planetary formation, however, it is almost too early because the Earth has cooled down sufficiently to accommodate liquid water, or bacteria that do not use photosynthesis to generate energy.

In particular, the endolithic bacteria that use chemosynthesis, found within rocks and underground lakes. The discovery of glycine (the simplest amino acid), apparently spontaneously formed in interstellar clouds. Some extend panspermia to support that life has never evolved from inorganic molecules, but is instead existed for all the time in which they existed latter.

In our case we want to adopt this theory to assume that the human species has had as a result of an atomic bombardment on the origin and evolution of the planet in a completely character compared to other living organisms.

Ie you want to include in the gene pool a sort of cellular memory, transmitted to evolving organisms through the genes contained therein.

The following are all statements of scientists, quantum physicists: << "The human being is made up of matter and energy, inextricably linked to each other and can be transformed into one another >>, <<" Every cell in our organism, via its DNA that functions as a transmitter-receiver, and can receive emits frequential signals ">> .... << "Our cells (each cell of our body) contain a real memory. What we call "cellular memory" is the collective cell energy field, generated by the individual cellular memories ">>.

Or: << "Our body then holds our history and that of our ancestors, experiences and individual and collective emotions and therefore our emotional states enter actively in mental processes that encode memory and the experiences that we live from birth , they are encrypted and stored in the brain in the form of electrical neuro waves, etc. ">>.

Return on populations of sea, highlight the Shardana (or Sherden) they were one of the people, cited by Egyptian sources of the second millennium BC being part of the coalition of the peoples of the sea; their presumed identification with the ancient Sardis is at present the subject of archaeological debate.

Margaret Guido in the sixties and the seventies Nancy Sandars have speculated, however, that the Shardana, coming from the east, have settled in Sardinia in the thirteenth century BC about overlapping populations nuragiche. For Guido they were from Ionia, the coastal region of Anatolia. The Orientalist Giovanni Garbini, in fact, highlights the discovery of Mycenaean pottery of type III C (submicenea) sites traditionally destroyed by the Sea Peoples in the Syrian-Palestinian corridor. What makes him believe that these peoples, including the Shardana, although not all originating in Greece were part of a Commonwealth greek-Mycenaean, sharing the type of ceramic. That fact - according Garbini - would constitute a substantial archaeological evidence, to locate the expansion of the Peoples of the Sea in the Mediterranean basin, particularly when the finds of ceramic Mycenaean type III C, neutron analysis, proves not imported but produced on site. The Italian orientalist believes that, after their settlement in Palestine, at least part of the Shardana, along with groups of Philistines is stationed in Sardinia, especially in the south-western coast, where it emerged a large number of finds of ceramic submicenea ( XI-XII century BC). Then it goes back to that time the island's current name, derived from the name of Shardana. The Nuragic civilization was born and developed in Sardinia, embracing a period of time ranging from full Bronze Age (1800 BC) to the second century BC, now in Roman times. It was the result of gradual evolution of cultures preeistenti already spread island since Neolithic times and whose most visible come down to us are made up of dolmens, menhirs and Domus de Janas. Imposing megalithic constructions considered the traces of the most eloquent and effective function which has been discussed for at least five centuries (the nuraghi were considered, even temples).

During its long history it has had continuous cultural and commercial exchanges with the most important Mediterranean civilizations contemporary but in the fifth century BC, the coming into conflict with imperialism Carthaginian first, and then the Roman decreed decline. In addition to the construction nuragiche, the civilization of the ancient Sardinians produced other monuments like the characteristic water sacred temples, the tombs of the giants, the enigmatic sculptures in sandstone Mont'e Prama and special bronze statues. Over the course of time from the sixth millennium BC the late third millennium BC developed island cultures whose peculiar aspect was the continuity that their continuity characterize the cultural developments of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Sardinian.

During the birth and expansion of the trade of obsidian (volcanic glass whose formation is due to rapid cooling of lava) island nations are well placed in the dense network of contacts between the peoples of the Mediterranean coastal regions; thanks insularity and filtered external cultural contributions, however, remained strong elements of tradition, following a gradual evolution. The maritime trade began probably from the Mesolithic, as evidenced by some findings in context of Liguria, and intensified with the advent of the Neolithic when its circulation peaked going to reach central and northern Italy, Provence and the Southern France.

Always during that time the vast cultural phenomenon of megalithic, which reached from the Atlantic basin of the western Mediterranean, invests in full cultures island leaving the territory a large number of remains unmatched. This phenomenon will lead - after thousands of years evolution - the Nuragic Civilization. Religion prenuragic was mainly based on the cult of the Mother Goddess, similar to what avveniniva elsewhere in Europe and in the Ancient Near East. About a hundred statues depicting the goddess have been found in various places in Sardinia. Next to it there was a male figure whose symbol was the bull's horns that appiono frequently in domus de Janas and menhirs.

Since the first metal age the worship of the great goddess will begin to be partly replaced by that of a male god, warlike and restless, as demonstrated by the stone statues of Sarcidano and Mandrolisai representatives warriors armed with dagger. As well as nuraghi ETA Bronze characterized the Nuragic civilization, so the thousands of underground tombs known as domus de Janas characterized the period prenuragico Hundreds of subterranean necropolis with thousands of burials like Domus de Janas, are eloquent witnesses of this prenuragic now active and characterized by a complex social organization and religious, open to influences from all parts of the sea surrounding the island, centered in villages of huts and its architecture - on a smaller scale - are masterfully represented in the underground tombs, such as pillars, beams of gabled ceilings, fireplaces, seats, all real elements of an architecture that no longer exists on the outside, and all carved into the rock along with symbols of his spirituality, as spirals colored with ocher and busts taurine.La Birth of Civilization nuragica, sees light from the culture of Bonnanaro, developed as an evolution of the final Campaniforme (1800 BC approximately), beginning with greater intensity in the Nura and Sulcis-Iglesiente and then spread throughout the island. More people arrived on the island at that time, bringing with it new cults, new technologies and new ways of life, making obsolete the previous or reinterpreted in the light of the dominant culture.

Around 1500 BC, the archaeological surveys, you can see more and larger aggregations of villages built near these mighty buildings, often built on top of a hill, but always with technical Megalithic (large stone blocks stacked) with large rooms with vaulted ceilings tholos (false dome). Probably to a greater need for protection, you notice over time the constant progressive addition of more towers in the oldest - addossandole or linking them with curtain walls. From simple, the nuraghi became in this way complexes, trefoil and quatrefoil also, in order to be characterized by articulated systems of towers, with systems murari provided with slits. However, some have a less strategic. Some theories have had a religious function to mark the horizon seen from the main nuraghi than solstices.

The tholoi are characteristic not only of Civilization nuragica also of the Mycenaean civilization, of the Minoan and, later, of the Etruscans. However, this coverage pointed to the false dome finds from Neolithic in Syria, Oman, Turkey, Spain. The Mycenaean Greeks, or Achaeans said Danai, was one of the Greek people who invaded Greece in the second millennium BC, finally managing to dominate the pre-Hellenic people, called by some Greek or Pelasgians. They gave rise to imposing buildings as the Treasury of Atreus tholos characterized by a high 13 meters. Tholos tombs (in the plural tholoi) which in greek means the dome, are funerary monuments dating back as kind to the late Bronze Age. They consist of a circular room, often below a mound of earth and covered with concentric circles of stone blocks to form a section more or less pointed. After 1500 BC the use of these monuments spread in a wide area around the Mediterranean. Tholos tombs were built in Egypt, Sicily [1], and particularly in Greece through the work of the Mycenaean civilization. More generally in archeology is based tholos a circular room, sometimes underground and generally made to order funeral, covered with a pseudocupola formed by concentric rows of ashlar stone increasingly projecting towards the center up to close the compartment without realizing a structure pushing as are the true domes.

This could eesere the key to testify links Kurgan migrations and influences Indo. The first tombs built of stone are also called beehive (beehive), are located in Oman, and were built by stacking flat stones originating in the geological formations. They are built around 3,500 BC, a time when the Arab peninsula was subject to a lot more precipitation than at present, and it was the cradle of a flourishing civilization in what is now a desert, west of the mountain range that runs along the Gulf Oman. They were never recovered artifacts from the tombs, though it seems the only reason due to their construction. Although the Kurgan are essentially a cultural phenomenon, it is observed that, in the steppes West (but also in the early stages up in ancient Mongolia and the Altai-Sayan Mountains), the corpses intumulati manifest characteristics europoidi. In particular, given the stature, the shape of the skull and other features that are found frequently in Kurgan, you can certainly say that at least in the early stages of the Kurgan cultures were spread by a population europoidal type cromagnonoide. Later in the eastern regions are witnessing the appearance of Mongoloid features (probably already in the culture of Karasuk), as you can see in the kurgans of Pazirik, a phenomenon which seems to be accompanied by the replacement of the Iranian languages in Central Asia and Siberia by turkish-Mongolian language. A Pazirik in the region of Altai is a group of about 40 graves kurgan. The six tombs that were excavated was to consist of 6 m² covered by a low mound of stones. The type of construction and the environmental conditions have allowed excellent preservation of the contents of the graves from the commit from the fifth to the third millennium BC

The use of tholos tombs also spread in the Etruscan civilization especially in the seventh century. You may recall several examples of these burials that may arise gathered in cemeteries (Cerveteri, Tarquinia, Vulci, Vetulonia, Populonia) or isolated. These are often family tombs, used by the aristocratic clan for generations, often rich in paintings in the burial chamber, the center of which is sometimes occupied by a central pillar. Access is by a dromos in the open or covered. Outside the mound it is delimited by a base (drum) in stone blocks.

The culture of the mounds originated the Urnfield culture that between the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age spreads from 'Central Europe in Italy, France, Catalonia, England and the Balkans. The Urnfield culture is often associated with the Celts, Italians, Venetians and Illyrians. More precisely in Italy you can recognize two groups of incinerators attributable to the fields of ballot boxes, one Celtic between Lombardy and Piedmont responsible for the birth of the culture of Golasecca and Canegrate and then one italic, due to protovillanovian culture, which extends from the North -east to the eastern Sicily. From the tenth century BC about the "outbreak protovillanoviano" is divided into different regional facies including the Este Culture (Venetian) and Villanova.

Gimbutas argued that the expansions of the Kurgan culture were essentially a series of military incursions through which the new patriarchal and warlike ideology was imposed on peaceful matriarchal culture of Old Europe, the process observed by the appearance of fortified settlements and tombs of the heads of warriors: "The process of indoeuropeizzazione was a process of cultural change, not physical. This process must be understood as a military victory through which was imposed a new administrative system, language and religion to indigenous groups. »

Subsequently the Gimbutas highlighted the increasingly violent nature of this process of transition from the cult of the Mother Goddess in the patriarchal explained by the cult of the sky god (Zeus, Dyaus). Many scholars who accept the general scenario of the Kurgan hypothesis argue that the transition was likely much more gradual and peaceful than suggested by Gimbutas. The migrations were certainly not the result of military operations designed and agreed upon but the expansion duration generations of various tribes and cultures disconnect between them. To what degree the indigenous cultures were peacefully amalgamated or violently deleted still remains a controversial issue among the supporters of the Kurgan. Despite the criticism received the Chalcolithic invasion theory, as proposed by Gimbutas it appears today a theory highly accredited and supported by science.

It can be summarized in these terms, the Indo-European tribes were patriarchal societies, governed by a * regs (a king who was a warrior chief elected, quite different from the god-kings of Egypt and Mesopotamia), and characterized by a first hierarchical division between warriors , priests and workers, with women and slaves relegated to the background; the Indo-Europeans had a polytheistic religion with a central figure of the heavenly gods fathers, in opposition to the religions of mother goddesses typical of the pre-Indo-populations (the pantheon of the Indo-European peoples historically known are the result of a merger with the religion of the substrate, with the gods fathers struggling to hold off the mother goddesses see scenes from a marriage of the couple Olympian Zeus - Hera) .In addition the Indo-Europeans were imposed on Neolithic peoples by virtue of the fact that mastered the technology of bronze and had domesticated the horse; the prevalence of Indo-on languages that preceded the indoeuropeizzazione is the result of the imposition of a new language by the elite military.